Research News

Jason Lipton, a Ph.D. candidate under the guidance of Taylor, was lead author. Elisa Riedo (chemical and biomolecular engineering)  and researchers from Drexel University and the Brookhaven National Laboratory also participated.

The proliferation and miniaturization of electronics in devices, wearables medical implants and other applications has made technologies for blocking electromagnetic interference (EMI) especially important, while making their implementation more challenging. While EMI can cause disruptions in communication in critical applications, resulting in potentially disastrous consequences, traditional EMI shields require large thicknesses to be effective, hampering design flexibility.

One solution resides in MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with potential for blocking EMI demonstrate high conductivity and excellent EMI shielding properties. The key to the commercialization of these materials is industry-scale manufacturing.

A multi-institution research team led by Andre ́ D. Taylor, professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering demonstrated a novel approach to MXene fabrication that could lead to methods for at-scale production of MXene freestanding films: drop-casting onto pre-patterned hydrophobic substrates. Their method led to a 38% enhancement of EMI shielding efficiency over conventional methods. The work suggests that micropatterned MXene films, prepared using a method that is scalable and allows for high throughput, can be readily used in EMI shielding, energy storage, and optoelectronics applications.

The team cast aqueous dispersions of MXene nanosheets (with the formula Ti3C2Tx) on hydrophobic polystyrene substrates and dried them. After drying, the resulting free-standing films could be easily peeled off, a method demonstrating a variety of advantages over the conventional vacuum-assisted filtration method with regards to time efficiency, operation simplicity, and surface smoothness.

The drop-casting method allows for modulation of micrometer-scale 3D patterns on the film surface by utilizing pre-patterned substrates (such as a vinyl record, retroreflective packaging, and retroreflective tape).

The research, “Scalable, Highly Conductive, and Micropatternable MXene Films for Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding,” is published in the first-anniversary issue of the Cell Press publication Matter.

Perovskite solar cells have seen massive improvements over the last few years. But despite big increases in power conversion efficiency, fill factors – one of the important characteristics in need of optimization – have still hovered around 80 percent, limiting the capacity for solar energy.

Thanks to a team led by Associate Professor André D. Taylor, that fill factor has been pushed up to 85 percent. Using a polymer-capped solvent-annealing process, they enhanced open-circuit voltage without sacrificing short-circuit current, creating better perovskite cells with improved output and a longer lifespan than current models.

The research team included NYU Tandon Postdoctoral Research Associates Jaemin Kong and Jason A. Röhr, along with colleagues from Yale University, Brown University, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, and received funding from several groups including the National Science Foundation and the Office for Naval Research.

They found that during the solvent-annealing, the perovskite surface flattens and the perovskite grains agglomerate into micrometer-sized clusters having enlarged α-phase crystallites, while the δ-phase simultaneously disappears. The optimized structure enhances efficiency from 18.2 percent to 19.8 percent reliably, creating more stable and better solar cells.

Rumi Chunara, an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at NYU Tandon,  and in the Department of Biostatistics at NYU School of Global Public Health, was corresponding author.

Through the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has become a necessary entry point into the process of diagnosis, triage and treatment. Racial and ethnic disparities in health care have been well documented in COVID-19 with respect to risk of infection and in-hospital outcomes once admitted. The researchers assessed disparities in those who access healthcare via telemedicine for COVID-19.

The researchers used electronic health record data of patients at New York University Langone Health between March 19th and April 30, 2020 to conduct descriptive and multilevel regression analyses with respect to visit type (telemedicine or in-person), suspected COVID diagnosis and COVID test results.

The collaborators included Yuan Zhao of the NYU School of Global Public Health; Ji Chen of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine; Katharine Lawrence, Paul A. Testa and Devin M. Mann of NYU Langone Health; and Oded Nov, professor in the Department of Technology Management and Innovation at NYU Tandon.

Controlling for individual and community-level attributes, the researchers found that Black patients had 0.6 times the adjusted odds of accessing care through telemedicine compared to white patients, though they are increasingly accessing telemedicine for urgent care, driven by a younger and female population. COVID diagnoses were significantly more likely for Black versus white telemedicine patients (while they were more likely for white patients when considering in-person and telemedicine visits).

While the study reports that Black patients are not accessing care through telemedicine (versus by in-person visits to emergency department and physician’s offices) at the same rate as white patients, it notes increased uptake by young, female Black patients. Mean income and decreased mean household size of patients' home zip code were also significantly related to telemedicine use.

The team reports that telemedicine access disparities reflect those in in-person healthcare access. Roots of disparate use are complex and reflect individual, community, and structural factors, including their intersection; many of which are due to systemic racism. Evidence regarding disparities that manifest through telemedicine can be used to inform tool design and systemic efforts to promote digital health equity.

The research, which was supported by a generous grant from the National Science Foundation,